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IEC TC82 WG2 2019春季会议于4月8日至12日于德国布伦瑞克 (Braunschweig) 联邦物理技术研究院(PTB)召开。德国联邦物理技术研究院Stefan Winter博士致开幕词欢迎来自全球18个国家的100多位与会光伏专家。会议就多项在研光伏标准展开深入讨论,各专家就相关技术问题积极给予建议和评论,同时对新一轮IEC标准化工作中的多项标准展开主导及编写工作。
此次会议对去年10月在韩国釜山举行的秋季会议后各个标准/技术规范工作组的的最新情况进行了总结,并对收到的意见和投票结果进行公布。随后就目前在研的标准项目进行了专项及深入的讨论,下面是会议的最新动态。
上次会议后正式颁布的标准:
WG2会议召集人、欧盟联合研究中心 (JRC) Tony Sample博士,向Vahid Fakhfouri博士、Stefan Winter博士的项目组就以下两项新标准的正式发布表示了祝贺:
● IEC TS 60904-1-2:2019 ED1 Photovoltaic devices - Part 1-2: Measurement of current-voltage characteristics of bifacial photovoltaic (PV) devices(双面光伏器件电流电压特性的测量) (2019-01-29)
● IEC 60904-3:2019 ED4 Photovoltaic devices - Part 3: Measurement principles for terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) solar devices with reference spectral irradiance data (地面用光伏太阳能器件的测量原理及标准光谱辐照度数据)(2019-02-15)
此次会议上部分重要标准项目的最新动态:
组件篇
● IEC 61215 ED 2 Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and type approval
来自美国国家可再生能源实验室(NREL)的Ingrid Repins介绍了IEC 61215 ED2标准的最新进展,标准文件将在未来的一个月继续传阅并在几个月之后形成CDV草稿。
会议现场主要就双面组件的测试条件和要求,针对的模拟器要求,Gate1铭牌的要求和LeTID热辅光衰等多个方面展开了讨论。
● 双面组件的测试条件和要求:值得一提的是IEC 61215 项目组在去年11月到12月的一系列组内会议中很大程度上同意并采纳了按照统一背面等效辐照度(135W/m2)进行考量,该条件下的综合辐照度被称为BNMI-双面铭牌辐照度,Gate1和Gate2的判定也会按照新的要求进行运用。此外,针对双面组件的可靠性测试项目小组也按照背面等效辐照度300W/m2的强度使用更大的电流或者更强的辐照度,具体条件见下表。
● 针对的模拟器要求:目前的草案要求A级不均匀性和光谱失配校正(但允许C类光谱),有来自国家委员会的评论认为此要求是不切实际的,为了解决这些问题项目团队不需要光谱失配校正,但对技术的最大允许不确定度有特定限制(即c-Si为3%,TF为4%,多结为5%)。
● 针对LeTID热辅光衰目前国际上的循环测试正在进行中,阶段性的结果显示目前LeTID的机理和特性尚且不完全清晰,且目前LeTID测试方法需要400h-500小时才达到饱和状态, 测试时间长且费用高昂,最终会议决定将针对LeTID的测试方法单独成立对应的技术规范项目小组。
● IEC 61730-1/AMD1 ED2 Amendment 1
来自杜邦的Nancy Philips对IEC 61730-1修正案的最新进展做了总结性的介绍,她提到针对"黏合连接"(cemented joints), 将允许进行两种不同的测试。可以进行循环试验, 比较两种方法的结果。这些改变在RTI 无法准确测量的时候,也可能会影响多层结构背板的厚度测量。RTI/RTE/IT的计算方式将考量各个绝缘层的厚度, 但一些层分组是可能的。
● IEC 61730-2/AMD1 ED2 Amendment 1
来自TÜV莱茵的Guido Volberg先生介绍了IEC 61730-2更新的主要内容,其中非常值得关注的内容包括:针对双面组件的测试条件和要求直接参照IEC 61215 ED2的规定;锐边测试(Sharp edge test)中增加了一个新的章节;温升测试(MST 21)将从IEC 61730中移除,取而代之的是,针对超过40摄氏度的应用场景的要求将参照一个新的标准IEC TS 63126。
●IEC 62941 Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Quality system for PV module manufacturing
Masaaki Ymamichi 就光伏零部件生产和服务质量控制的IECRE证书进行了介绍(包括IECRE新架构),但新的认证计划实施仍有不少挑战。Masaaki Ymamichi紧接着就光伏电站相关认证进行了介绍,以及如何囊括光伏电站设计、调试、运行和停运的所有阶段。新的认证计划将基于广泛的标准,包括质量管理的工厂和现场审计,零部件,光伏组件和系统安装及运维标准。此外,新的认证计划需要IECRE的同行评议,检查认证主题和工厂审核员的能力以及独立性。与会专家就新认证计划的费用和时间进行了提问。新认证计划的部分内容技术上还不充分,行业还不是很清楚诸如生命周期评估之类的问题。
● IEC 60904-10 Part 10: Methods of linearity measurement
Elena Salis, JRC对线性度的要求进行了展示。CD版本已经在传阅,并收到了NC评论。有些评论是讨论文件的结构,建议增加一个章节以便更好地解释关于辐照度和温度线性度的方法。PT对于提议的复杂性表示有些担忧。流程与第一版相比有些更改,使用者需要首先考虑设备配置和测试参数。也有些评论是讨论等效样品的使用。标准允许使用等效样品, 但是用于参考电池的校准器件是不允许使用等效样品的。同时,有评论是关于LTI的,当使用双光源的方法时,监控电池不能用于LTI的修正,为解决这个问题,可以集成的传感器需要放置在灯罩里。另外,也有问题提出关于双光源的方法是否可以使用高于校准的辐照度水平。
●IEC60904-5/AMD1 ED2 Amendment 1 - Photovoltaic devices - Part 5: Determination of the equivalent cell temperature (ECT) of photovoltaic (PV) devices by the open-circuit voltage method
等效电池的温度还在持续讨论中,问题在于器件的温度是不均匀的,而且不均匀性很大可能会扩大。该标准和其他一些标准也需要相互借鉴。CSI的Evan liu认为这个标准可能也可以应用在双面组件上。
● IEC TS 63209 ED1 Extended-stress testing of photovoltaic modules for risk analysis
Sarah Kurtz女士对于制定一份加严测试标准的初衷和目标做了介绍,作为一项较新的标准草案在此次会议上引起的很大的关注,此草案将针对光伏组件的耐热疲劳,机械压力,紫外老化,湿热老化以及PID的测试序列进行了重新编排,会议现场对各个测试序列进行了深入的讨论。
● IEC TS 63140 Photovoltaic (PV) modules – Partial shade endurance testing
来自NREL的Tim Silverman介绍了关于IEC TS 63140局部阴影耐受性测试的一个更新。收到的一些评论指出测试等级太多,具体条件尚不明确,很难制造部分不透明的遮挡物,而这种遮挡物是不现实的。现在所有的评论都被解决了,过程也得到了简化。专家认为CD版草稿看起来比之前的更好了,并且我们准备转向CDV版草稿。 这项标准对薄膜组件(TF module)是最具决定性的。专家提出的疑问有: 完全避免阴影是否是合理的,如果“完全避免阴影”是写在组件手册上的,那么豁免这项测试是否是合理的。
零部件及材料篇
● 此次会议的首日, 主要聚焦于IEC 62788 系列标准。David Muller博士就IEC 62788系列标准进行了全面的介绍,此系列其涵盖了针对多种光伏材料的不同性能测试,包括封装材料、光伏前板/背板, 密封胶带, 灌封胶, 边缘密封剂,包装材料等。
IEC 62788-1-1 Measurement procedures for materials used in photovoltaic modules – Part 1-1: Polymeric materials used for encapsulants
IEC 62788-1-4/AMD1 ED1 Amendment 1 - Measurement procedures for materials used in photovoltaic modules-Part1-4: Encapsulants - Measurement of optical transmittance and calculation of the solar-weighted photon transmittance, yellowness index, and UV cut-off wavelength
IEC62788-1-6/AMD1 ED1 Measurement procedures for materials used in photovoltaic modules - Part 1-6: Encapsulants - Test methods for determining the degree of cure in Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate
IEC 62788-1-7 Measurement procedures for materials used in photovoltaic modules - Part 1-7: Test procedure for the optical durability of transparent polymeric PV packaging materials
IEC 62788-7-3 (IEC 62788-8-2) Abrasion and environmental testing of materials and coatings
IEC 62788-1-7 Measurement procedures for materials used in photovoltaic modules - Part 1-7: Test procedure for the optical durability of transparent polymeric PV packaging materials
IEC 62788-7-3 (IEC 62788-8-2) Abrasion and environmental testing of materials and coatings
在会议中David Muller博士首先着重对边缘密封的环境老化测试和沙磨测试和其他一般性测试及表征进行了深入讨论。与会嘉宾也就光伏材料的具体的测试序列以及使用组合测试模拟失效场景的必要性给予了重要的建议和意见。
然后David Muller博士对IEC TS 62788-1系列进行了介绍并就部分内容进行讨论。并指出在未来此系列标准有很大可能成为IEC 61215和IEC 61730前期材料报备标准。
另外使用加严UV老化测试或户外曝晒也被作为建议在会议中被提及, 同时还讨论了耐久性和测试不确定性判定条件。因为试测过程中, 产品的失效率很高,专家们认为循环测试将更有助于定义测试判定标准。
● IEC 62790 Amendment 1 - Junction boxes for photovoltaic modules - Safety requirements and tests
Guido Volberg对接线盒标准修正案的认证需求进行了进一步讨论,就去年釜山秋季会以后收到了一些关于需要对粘合处测试的反馈予以举例说明, 同时提及到关于温度上下限的问题还需进行更深入的讨论。而针对不同国家的特殊相关测试需求,工作组认为可以结合各地国家标准来进行。
● IEC 62852 Amendment 1 – Connectors for DC-application in photovoltaic systems - Safety requirements and tests
对于IEC 62852 Amendment 1光伏连接器修正案, Guido Volberg 对标准修订版状态进行了介绍,相关准修改内容已经在釜山会议上递交,目前草案中除了温度限制问题,其他部分未做大幅更改。
●IEC TS62788-2: Part 2: Polymeric materials - Frontsheets and backsheets, future work on TS 62788-2
光伏前板/背板方面, Jürgen Jung先生就IEC TS 62788-2收到的意见进行了讨论,其中涉及到到背板各个方面, 如: UV老化, 黄变测试, 抗拉强度测试等等。同时, Jürgen Jung先生还说明UV老化循环测试应结合拉伸测试来区分样品间的差别,此对比测试正在全球7个实验室进行。
● 最后Mike Kempe对边框密封剂测试进行了介绍. 预计第二版的CD将于两周后提交IEC TC82标委会。
IEC 62788-5-1 Part 5-1: Suggested test methods for use with edge seal materials
IEC 62788-5-2 Part 5-2: Edge-seal durability evaluation guideline
IEC 62788-6-2 Part 6-2: Moisture permeation testing with polymeric films
● 另外值得一提的是, 随着光伏行业的不断发展, 光伏产品也不断开始进军民用消费品市场, 来自MiaSole的Paul Robusto就光伏消费品型式进行了以及推荐的测试进行了一一的介绍。目前此项目组成员由来自10个国家的23名成员组成,目前已进行了6场会议, 进行了5家厂商和6种产品的测试。
IEC 63163 ED1 Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules for consumer products - Design qualification and type approval
• 什么是TC82 WG2 ?
国际电工委员会光伏能源标准化技术委员会(IEC TC82)是专门负责光伏能源领域标准化工作的国际技术组织, 主要承担相关领域国际标准项目的起草, 制定和发布工作。 该委员会下设多个工作组, 分别为术语组(WG1), 非聚光组件组(WG2), 系统组(WG3), 系统平衡部件组(WG6), 聚光组件组(WG7), 光伏电池组(WG8)以及其它联合工作组(JWG)。 WG2非聚光组件组则是专门致力于地面用光伏组件 (及相关零部件) 的性能, 环境测试, 质量担保和评估等相关的国际标准。
每个工作组下的成员可以自发创建新的标准项目,在自荐并获得成员投票认可后即可成为该项目的负责人。项目负责人将带领项目成员对该标准草案进行研究与制定,通常经过数年人力、物力和财力的投入,以及与项目成员不间断地面对面或视频会议讨论,并基于大量的验证测试,逐步形成各个阶段的标准草案。最终,草案会提交TC82并由大会各成员国投票进行表决,一旦表决通过,即可发布成为正式标准。
附录: 在研项目清单
1. IEC 60891 ED3: Photovoltaic devices - Procedures for temperature and irradiance corrections to measured I-V characteristics - CD in circulation at IEC [Closing date for comments 2019-03-29] (PL Christos Monokroussos)
2. IEC 60904-1 ED3 Photovoltaic devices - Part 1: Measurement of photovoltaic current-voltage characteristics - CD in circulation at IEC [Closing date for comments 2019-03-15] (PL Harald Müllejans)
3. IEC 60904-4 ED2 Photovoltaic devices - Part 4: Reference solar devices - Procedures for establishing calibration traceability – FDIS submitted to IEC CO, undergoing French Translation (PL Harald Müllejans)
4. IEC 60904-5/AMD1 ED2 Amendment 1 - Photovoltaic devices - Part 5: Determination of the equivalent cell temperature (ECT) of photovoltaic (PV) devices by the open-circuit voltage method CD in preparation (PL Ms Hiromi Tobita / Mr Guangchun Zhang)
5. IEC 60904-7 ED4 Photovoltaic devices - Part 7: Computation of the spectral mismatch correction for measurements of photovoltaic devices - FDIS submitted to IEC CO, undergoing French Translation (PL Stefan Winter)
6. IEC 60904-8/AMD1 ED3 Amendment 1 - Photovoltaic devices - Part 8: Measurement of spectral responsivity of a photovoltaic (PV) device CD in preparation (PL Stefan Winter)
7. IEC 60904-9 ED3 Photovoltaic devices - Part 9: Solar simulator performance requirements - CDV submitted to IEC CO, undergoing French Translation (PL Werner Hermann)
8. IEC 60904-10 ED3 Photovoltaic devices - Part 10: Methods of linearity measurement CDV in preparation (PL Elena Salis)
9. IEC 61215-1 ED2 Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and type approval - Part 1: Test requirements - CDV in preparation (PL Ingrid Repins)
10. IEC 61215-1-1 ED2 Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and type approval - Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules - CDV in preparation (PL Ingrid Repins)
11. IEC 61215-1-2 ED2 Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and type approval - Part 1-2: Special requirements for testing of thin-film Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) based photovoltaic (PV) modules - CDV in preparation (PL Ingrid Repins)
12. IEC 61215-1-3 ED2 Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and type approval - Part 1-3: Special requirements for testing of thin-film amorphous silicon based photovoltaic (PV) modules - CDV in preparation (PL Ingrid Repins)
13. IEC 61215-1-4 ED2 Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and type approval - Part 1-4: Special requirements for testing of thin-film Cu(In,GA)(S,Se)2 based photovoltaic (PV) modules - CDV in preparation (PL Ingrid Repins)
14. IEC 61215-2 ED2 Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and type approval - Part 2: Test procedures - CDV in preparation (PL Ingrid Repins)
15. IEC 61701 ED3 Salt mist corrosion testing of photovoltaic (PV) modules - CDV submitted to IEC CO, undergoing French Translation (PL Sean Fowler)
16. IEC 61730-1/AMD1 ED2 Amendment 1 - Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification - Part 1: Requirements for construction – CD2 in preparation waiting until the amendment to 61730-2 also reaches CDV to submit together (PL Nancy Philips)
17. IEC 61730-2/AMD1 ED2 Amendment 1 - Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification - Part 1: Requirements for testing - CD in preparation (PL Guido Volberg)
18. IEC 61853-2/AMD1 Photovoltaic (PV) module performance testing and energy rating - Part 2: Spectral responsivity, incidence angle and module operating temperature measurements - CD in preparation (PL Kyumin Lee)
19. PNW 82-1358 (IEC 62788-1-1 ED1) Measurement procedures for materials used in photovoltaic modules – Part 1-1: Polymeric materials used for encapsulants – Looking for 5th country expert, PVRN in preparation, CD in preparation (PL Dave Miller)
20. IEC 62788 -1-4/AMD1 ED1 Amendment 1 – Measurement procedures for materials used in photovoltaic modules – Part 1-4: Encapsulants – Measurement of optical transmittance and calculation of the solar -weighted photon transmittance, yellowness index, and UV cut-off wavelength CD in circulation at IEC [Closing date for comments 2019-02-01] (PL Dave Miller)
21. IEC 62788-1-6/AMD1 ED1 Measurement procedures for materials used in photovoltaic modules - Part 1-6: Encapsulants - Test methods for determining the degree of cure in Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate – CDV about to be submitted to IEC CO (PL Dave Miller)
22. IEC 62788-1-7 Measurement procedures for materials used in photovoltaic modules - Part 1-7: Test procedure for the optical durability of transparent polymeric PV packaging materials - FDIS in Preparation, This is pending the completion of the TG5 Study 2 Round-Robin (PL Dave Miller) [Standard was previously 62892-3]
23. 82/1532/NP (IEC 62788-2-1 ED1) Polymeric materials for photovoltaic (PV) modules – Part 2-1: Safety requirements for polymeric frontsheet and backsheet (Proposed project number 62788-2-1) [Closing date for vote 2019-03-01] voted positively, PVRN in preparation, CD in preparation (PL Jürgen Jung)
24. IEC 62788-5-1 ED1 Measurement procedures for materials used in photovoltaic modules - Part 5-1: Suggested test methods for use with edge seal materials - CDV voted positively, FDIS in preparation (PL Mike Kempe)
25. IEC 62788-5-2 ED1 Measurement procedures for materials used in photovoltaic modules - Part 5-2: Edge-seal durability evaluation guideline – CD2 comments received (PL Mike Kempe)
26. IEC 62788-6-2 ED1 Measurement procedures for materials used in photovoltaic modules - Part 6-2: Moisture permeation testing with polymeric films - CDV voted positively, FDIS in preparation (PL Mike Kempe)
27. IEC TS 62788-6-3 ED1 Measurement procedures for materials used in photovoltaic modules - Part 6-3: Adhesion testing of interfaces within PV modules - DTS in preparation (PL Nick Bosco)
28. IEC 62788-8-2 ED1 (should be 62788-7-3) Measurement procedures for materials used in photovoltaic modules - Part 8-2: Materials and coatings for the irradiant incident surface of photovoltaic modules or similar solar devices: Abrasion and environmental testing approval – CD in Preparation (PL Dave Miller)
29. IEC 62790/AMD1 ED1 Amendment 1 - Junction boxes for photovoltaic modules - Safety requirements and tests – FDIS in preparation (PL Guido Volberg)
30. IEC TS 62804-1-1 ED1 Photovoltaic (PV) modules - Test methods for the detection of potential-induced degradation - Part 1-1: Delamination for crystalline silicon PV modules – DTS in circulation at IEC [Closing date for vote 2019-05-24] (PL Peter Hacke)
31. IEC TS 62804-2 ED1 Photovoltaic (PV) modules - Test methods for the detection of potential-induced degradation - Part 2: Thin-film – CD2 in circulation at IEC [Closing date for comment 2019-06-14] (PL Peter Hacke)
32. IEC 62852/AMD1 ED1 Amendment 1 Connectors for DC-application in photovoltaic systems - Safety requirements and tests Voted positively, FDIS in preparation [Closing date for vote 2019-03-08] (PL Guido Volberg)
33. IEC 62892 Test Procedure for Extended Thermal Cycling of PV Modules FDIS voted positively, being published (PL Nick Bosco) [Standard was previously 62892-2]
34. IEC 62938 ED1 Non-uniform snow load testing for photovoltaic (PV) modules FDIS submitted to IEC CO, undergoing French Translation (PL Joerg Althuas / Guido Volberg)
35. IEC 62941 ED1 Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Quality system for PV module manufacturing CDV in circulation at IEC [Closing date for vote 2019-04-12] (PL Masaaki Yamamichi)
36. IEC TS 63126 ED1 Guidelines for qualifying PV modules, components and materials for operation at higher temperatures CD in circulation at IEC [Closing date for comments 2019-03-29] (PL Kent Whitfield)
37. IEC TS 63140 ED1 Photovoltaic (PV) modules – Partial shade endurance testing CD2 in preparation (PL Tim Silvermann)
38. IEC 63163 ED1 Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules for consumer products - Design qualification and type approval – CD in Preparation (PL Paul Robusto)
39. IEC TS 63209 ED1 Extended-stress testing of photovoltaic modules for risk analysis – CD in Preparation (PL Sarah Kurtz)
40. IEC TR 63228 ED1 Measurement protocols for photovoltaic devices based on organic, dye-sensitized or perovskite materials – has been voted positively TR being published (PL Toshiro Matsuyama / Chris Fell)
41. 82/1538/NP Measurement of diode ideality factor by quantitative analysis of electroluminescence images [Closing date for vote 2019-03-08] voted positively, PVRN in preparation, CD in preparation
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